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And utility of bipolar spectrum models. Bipolar Disorders, 10(1 Pt 2), 179–193.Article PubMed Google Scholar Philipsen, A., Limberger, M. F., Lieb, K., Feige, B., Kleindienst, N., Ebner-Priemer, U., et al. (2008). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a potentially aggravating factor in borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 118–123.Article Google Scholar Poncin, Y., Sukhodolsky, D. G., McGuire, J., & Scahill, L. (2007). Drug and non-drug treatments of children with ADHD and tic disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(Suppl 1), 78–88.Article PubMed Google Scholar Prada, P., Hasler, R., Baud, P., Bednarz, G., Ardu, S., Krejci, I., Nicastro, R., et al. (2014, June 30). Distinguishing borderline personality disorder from adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A clinical and dimensional perspective. Psychiatry Research, 217(1–2), 107–114.Article PubMed Google Scholar Qin, L. Q., Li, J., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Xu, J. Y., & Kaneko, T. (2003). The effects of nocturnal life on endocrine circadian patterns in healthy adults. Life Sciences, 73(19), 2467–2475.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar QuintilesIMS. (2016). Xtrend. Google Scholar Rasmussen, K., Almvik, R., & Levander, S. (2001). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reading disability, and personality disorders in a prison population. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 29(2), 186–193.CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ramos-Quiroga J. A., Nasillo V., Richarte V., Corrales M., Palma F., Ibáñez P., et al. (2019). Criteria and Concurrent Validity of DIVA 2.0: A Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD. J Atten Disord. 23(10):1126–1135. doi: Epub 2016 Apr 28. PMID: 27125994.Reiersen, A. M., Constantino, J. N., Volk, H. E., & Todd, R. D. (2007). Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(5), 464–472.Article PubMed Google Scholar Reimer, B., DíAmbrosio, L. A., Coughlin, J. F., Fried, R., & Biederman, J. (2007). Task-induced fatigue and collisions in adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Traffic Injury Prevention, 8(3), 290–299.Article PubMed Google Scholar Robin, A. L. (2002). The impact of ADHD on marriage. The ADHD Report, 10(3), 9–14. Guilford Publications Inc.Article Google Scholar Rodriguez, A., Miettunen, J., Henriksen, T. B., Olsen, J., Obel, C., & Taanila, A. (2008). Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is

Psycho-medische programma’s. Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S. (2002). Seksuele problemen bij 120 volwassenen met ADHD. Interne publicatie PsyQ, psychomedische programma’s. Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S. (2010, 2e druk). Over medicatie voor volwassenen met ADHD. : Kenniscentrum ADHD bij volwassenen, PsyQ en Impuls. Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S., & Bijlenga, D. (2013). The circadian rhythm in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Current state of affairs. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 13(10), 1107–1116.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S., Boonstra, A. M., Huijbrechts, I., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2006). Coexistence with borderline and antisocial personality disorder, and role of childhood sexual abuse in adults with ADHD. Proefschrift, ADHD in adults. Clinical studies on assessment and treatment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen. Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S., Buitelaar, J. K., Van den Oord, E. J., Furer, J. W., Rijnders, C. A. T., & Hodiamont, P. P. G. (2005). Internal and external validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adults. Psychological Medicine, 35(6), 817–827.Article PubMed Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S., Burger, H., Boonstra, A. M., Van der Linden, P. D., Kalma, L. E., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2004). Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate in 45 adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over trial. Psychological Medicine, 34(6), 973–982.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kooij, J. J. S., & Francken, M. H. (2007a). Diagnostic interview for ADHD (DIVA) in adults. Downloaden via www.divacenter.eu.Kuntsi, J., Eley, T. C., Taylor, A., Hughes, C., Asherson, P., Caspi, A., et al. (2004). Co-occurrence of ADHD and low IQ has genetic origins. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 124B(1), 41–47.Article CAS Google Scholar Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., McBurnett, K., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L., Hynd, G. W., et al. (1994, November). DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(11), 1673–1685.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lecendreux, M., Konofal, E., Bouvard, M., Falissard, B., & Mouren-Simeoni, M. C. (2000). Sleep and alertness in children with ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(6), 803–812.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Leckman, J. F., Bloch, M.

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Despite groundbreaking research and clear neurological findings, people continue to harbor many inaccurate beliefs — and promote some downright myths — about ADHD, which only perpetuate misunderstanding, stigma, and shame. Learn the scientific truth about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder here.Myth #1: ADHD isn’t a real medical disorder.Myth #2: ADHD is a modern farce created by drug companiesMyth #3: ADHD is the result of bad parenting.Myth #4: ADHD affects only boys.Myth #5: A kid who can play video games for hours couldn’t possibly have ADHD.Myth #6: Children with ADHD eventually outgrow their condition.Myth #7: Children who take ADHD medication are more likely to abuse drugs.Myth #8: Special accommodations for ADHD are an unfair advantage.Myth #9: People who have ADHD are stupid or lazy.ADHD Myth #1: ADHD isn’t a real medical disorder.ADHD has been recognized as a legitimate diagnosis by major medical, psychological, and educational organizations, including the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Education. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes ADHD as a medical disorder in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — the official mental health “bible” used by psychologists and psychiatrists.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (formerly known as just attention deficit disorder) is biologically based. Research shows that it’s a result of an imbalance of chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters, within the brain. Its primary symptoms are inattention, impulsiveness, and, sometimes, hyperactivity.[Read This: The Secrets of the ADHD Brain]However, like other psychiatric conditions, ADHD lacks biological validity. This means that experts still don’t understand the underlying biological causes, or the exact pathology, of ADHD. In most areas of medicine, the underlying pathologies of disorders are very well defined. Psychiatry, however, is an exception in this regard.ADHD also lacks objective diagnostic tests that can confirm whether a person has this disorder. In its place, doctors use symptom evaluations and other measures to determine ADHD symptomology.Though scientists are working hard to find biological validity and objective diagnostic tests, there are other ways to feel confident in an ADHD diagnosis in the meantime. The first way is through something scientists call reliability. This refers to the ability for two different clinicians to evaluate the same child and independently come to the same diagnosis.ADHD is a very reliable diagnosis. As a matter of fact, it is one of the most reliable diagnoses in all of psychiatry, and in particular, child psychiatry. The reliability of diagnosing ADHD is on par with the reliability of diagnosing pneumonia with a chest X-ray (an example of an objective diagnostic test). This is quite impressive. (DSM Field Trials)ADHD Myth #2: ADHD is a modern farce created by drug companiesADHD is neither a modern phenomenon nor a purely American or Western one. It was not dreamed up

Adjustable left/right ear volume controls to compensate for hearing imbalances* * Backed by Research and Clinical Studies * *According to the DSM-5, ADHD is characterized by “impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Inattention and disorganization entail inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, and losing materials, at levels that are inconsistent with age or developmental level.”EEG studies found that children with ADHD have decreased beta brainwave activity compared to children without ADHD when measured during cognitive tasks as well as during the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) protocol.Researchers and clinicians, using the same sounds produced by HarmonicBrain ADD/ADHD, were able to increase beta brainwave activity of children with ADHD. This increase improved the children’s performance in attentional tests.Other researchers found that white noise (like that of HarmonicBrain ADD/ADHD) also improved attention scores of children with ADHD (children who do not have ADHD did not perform well with white noise).In separate studies, participants who listened to music of their own choice, lowered their anxiety levels.Researchers also found that children with ADD/ADHD has “significantly higher attentiveness levels” after brainwave entrainment. Another study found subjective improvements in attention and focus but that study made use of music selected by the researchers rather than by the study participants. Because HarmonicBrain is designed to let you select your own music (or any audio, video, white/pink/brown noise, or even no adjunctive sound), you can avoid the issue of “canned” music.* * Summary * *HarmonicBrain ADD/ADHDFrequencies: 12-Hz, 33-HzModality: BinauralNoise Colors: White, Pink, BrownSupports Timed and Untimed SessionsBuilt-in Session Timer (1 minute – 23 hours 59 minutes)Session Time and Frequency Minimum Recommendation: 20 minutes, 2-3 times per weekBackground Operation: Lets users play music, video, audiobooks, phone calls, games, and other applications in order to remain engaged during the sessionsNotes:1. Before using HarmonicBrain for the first time, introduce the user to the sounds and procedure for about 2-5 minutes.2. If possible, use HarmonicBrain during tasks that require greater attention.

Disorders in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to the general population. Google Scholar Blocher, D., Henkel, K., Retz, W., Retz-Junginger, P., Thome, J., & Rosler, M. (2001). Symptoms from the spectrum of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in sexual delinquents. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 69(10), 453–459.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Blum, K., Sheridan, P. J., Wood, R. C., Braverman, E. R., Chen, T. J., & Comings, D. E. (1995). Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: Association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour. Pharmacogenetics, 5(3), 121–141.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Boere-Boonekamp, M. M., LíHoir, M. P., Beltman, M., Bruil, J., Dijkstra, N., & Engelberts, A. C. (2008). Overweight and obesity in preschool children (0-4 years): Behaviour and views of parents, in Dutch. Ned Tijdschr voor Geneeskd, 152(6), 324–330.CAS Google Scholar Boonstra, A. M., Kooij, J. J. S., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2007). Hyperactive night and day? Actigraphy studies in adult ADHD: Baseline comparison and the effect of methylphenidate. Sleep, 30(4), 433–442.Article PubMed Google Scholar Briscoe-Smith, A. M., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2006). Linkages between child abuse and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls: Behavioral and social correlates. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(11), 1239–1255.Article PubMed Google Scholar Bron, T. I., Bijlenga, D., Boonstra, A. M., Breuk, M., Pardoen, W. F., Beekman, A. T., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2014, April). OROS-methylphenidate efficacy on specific executive functioning deficits in adults with ADHD: A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(4), 519–528.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bron, T. I., Bijlenga, D., Breuk, M., Michielsen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2017, Submitted). Risk factors for adverse driving outcomes in Dutch adults with ADHD and controls. Google Scholar Bron, T. I., Bijlenga, D., Kasander, M. V., Spuijbroek, A. T., Beekman, A. T., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2013, June). Long-term relationship between methylphenidate and tobacco consumption and nicotine craving in adults with ADHD in a prospective cohort study. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(6), 542–554.Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bron, T. I., Bijlenga, D., Verduijn, J., Penninx, B. W., Beekman, A. T., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2016, June). Prevalence of ADHD symptoms across clinical